Best Flowering Herbs For the Modern Herb Garden

Bright blooms in beautiful colors with bold or delicate fragrances and culinary and medicinal potential can be part of your landscape. If you love flowering herbs, we have some suggestions for your herb garden. Our flowering herb list includes some of the most popular and useful plants available for the backyard garden. When space is limited, herbs give great value, and when space is abundant, they can provide that sense of bounty and possibility that is so wonderful about a classic cottage garden.

Most herbs flower in one way or another*, but the results for some are unimpressive. We have compiled a list of two dozen useful herbs that produce vibrant and attractive blooms. Don't be shy about trying new herbs in your landscape, or using old favorites in new ways. Did you realize dill flowers look beautiful in garden bouquets, or that it's easy to harvest rose hips from your roses or use rose pedals to prepare simple rose water or rose oil recipes? Be bold this season, and make flowering herb plants the focus of your flower patch. Pollinators will flock to your garden, and birds will enjoy your flower choices, too. Strategic placements will also attract beneficial insects, and help repel common pests like aphids and whiteflies. Read on for tips in these areas.

When Thinking about Flowering Herbs,  Timing Is Important

Remember, herbs, like other plants, keep their eyes on the prize, which is to grow healthy and strong in order to flower and set seed. This progression creates advantages and challenges for herb gardeners. When plants are young, they produce abundant leaves with strong flavor. If you are growing herbs to use their leaves in cooking or for teas or medicinal purposes, this is the optimal time to harvest. Why? After flowering, the leaves of some herbs can lose flavor or become somewhat bitter. This is true of cilantro, oregano and basil, among others.

If leaf production is your goal when growing a particular flowering herb plant, you may want to delay flowering, especially for varieties that escalate their flower production, a process called bolting, when temperatures heat up in late spring or early summer. Just pinch back emerging buds until you're ready for your plants to flower. This retards but does not stop flowering. It does help increase leaf yields, though. Plants that benefit from delayed flowering include dill and cilantro. You might also want to try planting these fast flowering herbs on a staggered schedule, say once every two weeks in early spring.

If your main goal is to grow bouquet quality herb flowers, allow plants to mature naturally, but be sure to follow best practices regarding soil quality, sun exposure, watering and pest control. This is good advice for all types of herb cultivation, but it is particularly important if you want large, healthy and attractive blooms.

Keep Your Herb Harvest Wholesome With Cautious Pesticide Management

When using flowering herb plants in cooking or home remedies, avoid treating them with pesticides. Whenever possible, prefer options like companion planting. If you do use pesticides, choosing control treatments commonly applied to vegetable and other edible crops are your best bet. You might consider options like insecticidal soap, neem oil or pyrethrin-based products. Read and follow the directions carefully. It's also a great idea to treat plants in the evenings after bees and other pollinators that have ceased their activity for the day.

Culinary and Medicinal  Flowering Herb Selection and Harvesting Tips

Harvest edible herb flowers early in the day after the dew has dried and they have opened fully. Cut the stems on a diagonal, and place them in water in a cool, shaded indoor spot until you are ready to use them. For the best results, use edible flowers within a few hours of harvesting them.

If you forage rather than grow some of your herbs, avoid any you find near busy roadways. Polluted soil from car exhaust makes them undesirable. Avoid any flowers purchased in grocery stores or other markets if they were not grown specifically for culinary use. 

The following list of flowering herbs contains growing information, interesting  historical facts and insights into each plant's common uses. If you love gardening, herb lore, cooking with herbs or herb crafting, these beauties deserve a spot in your landscape. 

24 of the Best Flowering Herb Plants to Grow

Anise Hyssop

(Agastache foeniculum) 

A North America  native, anise hyssop is a perennial in the mint family Lamiaceae, not the hyssop genus, that produces purple spikes that look a lot like a fluffy textured lavender. This plant is an aromatic bloomer from mid-summer to late fall and attracts bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds to the garden. If you want pollinators for your victory vegetable patch, plant anise hyssop and they will come.  The leaves and flowers of anise hyssop are edible and taste mildly of licorice. They have antioxidant properties and make a tasty herbal tea, too.

Growing:

Hardiness zone: Anise hyssop grows best in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, which gives it a pretty wide range. This means it can withstand winter temperatures as low as -40°F.

Soil: Anise hyssop prefers well-drained soil and can adapt to soil types that aren't extreme. 

Sun and water: For the best results, give this flowering herb plant full sun or dappled afternoon light, and allow the soil to dry somewhat between waterings.

Color: Lavender, purple, blue

Other Tips:

• Deadheading encourages long and late season blooming. 
• **Anise hyssop's seeds benefits from cold stratification for a few weeks.  This prepares them for a spring wake up call. 
• Two popular anise hyssop cultivars are Golden Jubilee and Blue Fortune.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• This easy flowering herb can be susceptible to root rot in poorly draining soils. Good soil preparation and watering habits can help control this and make hyssop a much happie herb in your garden.
• Although the leaves are generally safe to consume, some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation when handling anise hyssop. Wear gloves until you know you're not affected.
• Anise hyssop is easy-to-care-for. It can be used in herbal teas, added to salads and dried for potpourri and sachets. 
• It Is also deer resistant.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, edible blossoms, healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, herbal for tea infusion, tincture, floral bouquet

Angelica

(Angelica archangelica) 

Angelica

Angelica is a towering biennial herb native to Europe and Asia. It produces clusters of white or greenish-yellow flowers that bloom in mid to late summer.  Its  small, delicate blossoms are arranged in an umbrella-shape with stalks that towers above the plant on sturdy, hollow stems.  Angelica can reach a height of up eight feet but usually tops out at around six feet, so plan accordingly.

This plant has a rich and fascinating history.  It was once reputed to cure plague. Legends claim Archangel Michael revealed angelica's curative properties to a Catholic monk in a dream. Angelica is named to honor Archangel Michael. 

In Europe, angelica was used to promote healing, and worn or carried as a protective talisman to ward off evil influences.  Angelica root was also sometimes used as a digestive aid. Today it is known for it's antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other valuable properties.

A floral bouquet of angelica flowers

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: Angelica grows best in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 7. It can tcolerate winter temperatures -40°F.

Soil: Prefers moist, rich, well-drained soil.

Sun and Water: This plant likes full sun to partial shade and needs consistent watering, especially during hot days. Poor water maintenance can easily kill it.

Color: White, beige

Other Tips:

• Angelica is a biennial. This means it completes its life cycle in two years. It flowers in its second year and then goes to seed.
• Start Angelica seeds indoors eight weeks before the last frost. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
• Angelica is a slow grower but has the potential to grow quite large. Its roots and seeds should be harvested in the second year.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• While generally safe for most people, pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid ingesting angelica.
• Contact with the leaves may cause skin irritation. (It's always best to wear gloves when handling herbs with which you are unfamiliar.) 
• Angelica has hollow stems that have been harvested and candied as a sweet treat for centuries. Angelica can also be used to make jams and jellies.

Add angelica to your flowering herb garden if you want to create height in the space and enjoy the idea of growing a plant with a rich history. Making your own candied angelica stems might have some interest too, especially if you like to make candied ginger or citrus.

Uses: Healing root herb, herb for cooking, floral bouquet, rich history

Bee Balm 

(Monarda didyma)

Bee Balm

Bee Balm (related to wild bergamot), a North American native herb, is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae). It's a beauty, with tubular flowers that feature lobed lips and square stems. The flowers are arranged in tight clusters. One of the most popular and common varieties of bee balm is scarlet bee balm (Monarda didyma), which produces many bright red flowers. An aromatic bloomer, this flowering herb plant has a minty/citrus fragrance with a hint of something earth like oregano. The scent is attractive to bees and butterflies. The tubular flowers also make it a good nectar source for hummingbirds. If you're interested in attracting pollinators, or just love watching wildlife around your flower beds, this herb is a good choice.

Bee balm has an interesting history. Native American tribes used it for medicinal purposes to treat respiratory and digestive issues, and the Oneidna Nation in particular considered bee balm one of their six holy medicines.  European colonists brewed a tasty bee balm tea that was likely recommended to them by the Oswego People when black tea became scarce in 1773 after the Boston Tea Party.

Modern scientific research about the medicinal value of this easy to grow herb is limited, but it has a long folk history of medicinal uses. (Please consult your doctor before trying any herbal remedy.)

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This flowering herb grows in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, tolerating winters as cold as -40°F.

Soil: Bee Balm likes well-drained soil, and will not fare well in dense clay.

Sun and Water: Provide full sun to partial shade. Requires regular watering, but allow the soil to dry slightly between times.

Color: Red, purple, pink, white

Other Tips:

• Pinching off spent flowers encourages continuous blooming.
• Bee balm can be invasive. It spreads through rhizome and seed propagation. To control it, divide plants every three years and remove flowers before the seeds develop.
• The flowers and serrated leaves of bee balm are edible and can be used in teas and salads.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• This plant attracts pollinators like hummingbirds, bees and butterflies.
• Dried bee balm flowers are an excellent addition to potpourri. 
• Bee Balm is susceptible to powdery mildew.  Provide plants with good air circulation and don't overcrowd them. Prefer watering in the morning rather than at night, and water from the bottom. Drip irrigation is an excellent watering method.
• Consider adding bee balm to your flowering herb garden if you are interested in a plant with showy flowers that is low maintenance and a pollinator magnet.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, healing leaves, pollinator friendly, herb for tea, floral bouquet

 Borage 

(Borago officinalis)

"The borage always reminds me of the clear blue sky." - Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Gift from the Sea

Borage

Borage is a stunning annual native to the Mediterranean.  Its clusters of bright blue, star-shaped flowers bloom from midsummer to the first frost.  Its flowers are small, but they look like jewels against the backdrop of borage's fuzzy, silver/green leaves.  Borage is easy to grow. Its leaves and flowers are edible. The leaves taste pleasantly of cucumber and make a unique addition to summer salads. It's flowers and leaves are also used in soups, stews, garnishes and beverages.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: Borage grows well in Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, surviving winter temperatures as low as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil.

Sun and Water: Thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Needs moderate watering.

Color: Blue

 Borage flower frozen in an ice cube

Other Tips:

• Deadheading spent flowers encourages continuous blooming.
• Borage self-sows readily, so keep it contained. 
• Candied borage flowers are a popular decorative element for baked goods. They are also pretty when frozen into ice cubes and served in summer beverages. 

Candied borage flowers

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• Borage contains small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic in large quantities. Consume this flowering herb in moderation.

Uses: Edible blossoms, herb for cooking, garnish, rich history

Calendula 

(Calendula officinalis)

"Calendulas, like friendly suns, opened wide their petals to the warmth." - Elizabeth von Arnim, Elizabeth and Her German Garden

Calendula

Calendula is an annual flowering herb native to southwestern Asia and Europe.  It's common name is pot marigold, which should not be confused with French marigold (Tagetes patula). It produces daisy-like flowers in shades from white to nearly russet, although the most common cultivars are bright orange. These blooms have a flat center  bordered by a row of broad petals, often in a contrasting color.

.

Calendula was once known as "poor man's saffron" because it was used as an inexpensive saffron (Crocus sativus) substitute to color and flavor cheeses, sauces and other foods. In the garden, calendula is a low maintenance flowering herb that attracts beneficial insects like ladybugs and bees. (Caution: It may also attract aphids and white flies.) It is a good companion plant for tomatoes, as it repels hornworms. 

Unfortunately, calendula can attract more harmful pests than it repels, so some gardeners grow it at a distance from vegetables and other plants. In this capacity it may act as a "trap" crop that lures pests away from more valuable plantings.

Calendula petals are the most commonly used part of the plant. They can be harvested fresh or dried for use in teas and salves to treat skin irritation, and as ingredients in soups and stews. Calendula makes a nice garnish and a colorful addition to salad.

Growing: 

Calendula grows in herb Hardiness Zones 3 to 10, and prefers well drained soil.  Like many of the flowering herbs on this list, it can take some neglect. Give it full sun and water it regularly.

Color: Orange, russet, white

Other Tips:

• As with many flowering herb plants, deadheading spent flowers (pinching them off) encourages heavy blooming throughout the season and discourages self seeding. 
• Some individuals with allergies to daisies or ragweed may have an allergic reaction to calendula, so use caution when introducing it into your garden.

Uses: Edible blossoms, healing petals, pollinator friendly herb, companion herb plant,  herb for tea, salve, culinary garnish, floral bouquet

Chamomile 

(Matricaria recutita)

"The chamomile, the only white flower that looks well on a grave." - Henry David Thoreau, Journal

Chamomile

Like calendula, chamomile is an annual, in this case native to Europe and western Asia. It produces small, daisy-like flowers with white petals and bright yellow centers. Its delicate appearance is enhanced by it's feathery green leaves. There is evidence chamomile was used in ancient Egypt as a soothing tea, and cosmetically for skin and hair care.

There are two main chamomile varieties: German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). German chamomile is more commonly used for teas and medicinal purposes, and is the flowering herb variety we are discussing here.

Growing:

Chamomile is an adaptable plant that does well in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 7 where it can withstanding winters as cold as -40°F. This flowering herb likes well-drained, loamy soil and full sun to light shade. Water it on a regular schedule to keep it from wilting during hot spells.

Color: White

Other Tips:

• Sow directly outdoors in early spring or started chamomile indoors a few weeks before the last frost date for your area. 
• The small flowers are the most commonly used part of the plant, and can be harvested fresh or dried for use in calming teas, potpourris or crafts. Chamomile tea can smell pleasantly of apples and hay.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• People with allergies to ragweed or daisies may have allergic reactions to chamomile.
• Although there is interest in the use of this flowering herb for a number of medical conditions, and reports of its medicinal use date back to ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, self treating with chamomile is not a substitute for professional medical treatment for digestive issues, anxiety, diabetes and other conditions.

 Dwarf chamomile ground cover

There is also a dwarf Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) that makes an excellent ground cover and lawn substitute. It grows between 2 and 4 inches (5 cm) high. Be sure to source the dwarf variety, as standard Roman chamomile can grow to 6 to 12 inches high.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly, herb for tea

 Chives 

(Allium schoenoprasum)

"Chives are the grass of the kitchen." - Author Unknown

Chives in bloom

A versatile perennial native to Siberia and central Asia, chives are a staple herb in many kitchens. This flowering herb is not famous for it's blossoms, but the hollow stems of the chive plant produces feathery but vivid flowers in pink to deep lavender from early to midsummer. This popular herb is very easy to grow.

Chives have a long history of culinary and medicinal use dating back centuries. At one time, they were even believed to ward off evil spirits.

Growing:

Chives will perform well in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9, and can survive winter temperatures as cold as -40°F. It likes well drained soil but isn't fussy. It will perform best in full sun to dappled shade. Regular watering is important for this herb.

Other Tips:

• Divide chives every three years or so to prevent overcrowding. Chive flowers are edible and make a nice addition to salads. They are an attractive garnish, too.
• Chive leaves are the most commonly used part of the plant. They can be harvested throughout the growing season by snipping them with scissors. Avoid taking more than one third of this flowering herb during any single harvesting session.
• For winter access to chives, consider chopping bunches, placing them in a water slurry and freezing them into ice cubes. Drying chives is also an option, although dried chives tend to lose their flavor after a few months.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow: 

• Individuals with allergies to onions or other allium plants may have allergic reactions to chives.
• Chive vinegar is a classic herb project you can make with chive flowers. Beyond tasting wonderfully oniony, chive flowers also turn the vinegar a deep ruby color.

Uses: Edible blossoms, companion herb plant, herb for tea and cooking, garnish

Comfrey 

(Symphytum officinale)

"Comfrey, the herb that knits broken bones." 

- Nicholas Culpeper, The Complete Herbal

Comfrey bell blossoms

Comfrey is native to Europe and western Asia and produces attractive tightly grouped purple (or sometimes white, yellow or blue) flowers in late spring. This herb has a long history of medicinal use. Widely known as knitbone, it was originally used for wound healing, inflammation and in the treatment of sprains and broken bones. Unfortunately, comfrey contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause liver damage if ingested or absorbed through cuts or abraided skin. Some sites on the internet still recommend ingesting comfrey to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, or topically to treat bruises. Ingesting comfrey is not recommended as it is associated with serious health risks.

That doesn't mean comfrey isn't a great addition to the garden, though.  This flowering herb is a great source of soil nutrients like the big three, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It's roots also burrow deep into the soil, accessing micronutrients often not available to plants with shallower root systems.  When grown and used as a mulch, compost enhancer or other soil component, comfrey can be green gold. If you're interested in learning more about the value of comfrey in your garden, take a look at: 7 Comfy Uses in a Permaculture Garden.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable herb thrives inc USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 8, tolerating winters as cold as -30°F.

Soil: Likes moist, well-drained soil with lots of organic matter. Give this herb plenty of compost.

Sun: Provide full sun to partial shade.

Water: Needs regular watering.

Color: Purple

Other Tips:

• Comfrey is a fast-growing spreader. Plant it in a location where it has room to roam, or restrict to a container.
• Comfrey's leaves and roots are nitrogen rich and make a great addition to the compost pile.  For the best results, compost comfrey for an extended period before using it as a soil amendment.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow: 

• Wear gloves when handling comfrey to avoid skin irritation. Do not consume this herb internally in any form.

Uses:  Floral bouquet, soil amendment

Curry Plant 

(Helichrysum Italicum) 

Curry Plant's everlasting flowers

Curry plant is a small shrub native to the rocky region around the Mediterranean coast. Its name suggest it has value as a cooking herb, but that's deceptive. Curry plant can be used in cooking, but it isn't a common ingredient in curry blends. 

It's real value is it's bright yellow, everlasting blooms, which are popular in dry flower arrangements, and it's beguiling fragrance. Curry plant produces small, button-shaped flower clusters that bloom all summer and have a fragrance some say is reminiscent of blended curry spices, while others believe it smells more like maple syrup. Its silvery-green leaves create a nice contrast to other green foliage in the garden. 

Color: Yellow

Other Tips:

This unique flowering herb can also be used used sparingly to complement the flavor of stews, egg dishes and more. 

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This fragrant herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 10 and can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, sandy or rocky soil. Use caution because this flowering herb will not tolerate soggy conditions.

Sun: Likes full sun.

Water: Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings. Avoid overwatering.

Color: Yellow

Other Tips:

• Curry Plant is a low-maintenance perennial in warmer zones.
• Prune after flowering to maintain a compact and attractive shape.
• Happily this plant is pest and disease resistant.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• The strong fragrance may not be for everyone.  If you do think it smells delicious, though, consider planting it near your deck or kitchen window.
• Excessive handling of leaves may irritate sensitive skin.
• Curry plant can be a good choice for gardeners looking for a low-maintenance and fragrant border shrub for a sunny location that drains well.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, herb for cooking, floral bouquet, dried floral

Dill 

(Anethum graveolens)

Dill

Dill is as of the most popular culinary herbs grown in backyard gardens. Its delicate blooms are very effective at attracting beneficial insects. The true value of the dill, though, is its fresh, lemon-citrus aroma and distinctive, subtly sour flavor. Dill leaves add a unique twist to fish, chicken, potato and egg dishes as well as dill pickles and dill vinegar.

Dill is mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus from Egypt and the Bible, giving it an enviable historical pedigree. Today, gardeners grow dill for its use in the kitchen and for the lovely, feathery foliage that makes it an attractive plant for an herb patch or patio display.

Because of it's popularity, there are lots of dill varieties to choose from. Some have been specifically cultivated for their strong flavor, while others for their small (pot friendly) size and still others for their bountiful seed production or large, yellow flowers. Choose an application, and there will be a dill cultivar to fit the bill.

Growing: 

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable flowering herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9, tolerating winters as cold as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil but is somewhat adaptable.

Sun: Likes full sun.

Water: Requires regular watering, especially during high summer.

Color: Yellow

Dill vinegar with a decorative dill flower.

Other Tips:

• Dill is an annual. That means it sprouts, set seed and dies in a single season. 
• It can be sown directly outdoors in early spring or started indoors a few weeks before the last frost in your area. 
• The leaves and seeds are the most commonly used parts of this flowering herb. Fresh leaves can be enjoyed throughout the growing season, while seeds are harvested in late summer when the flower heads dry and turn brown.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• Dill tends to "bolt", or intensify its flowering efforts early in summer at the cost of leaf production. As the leaves are usually the most valued part of the plant, some of the newer varieties are designed to delay bolting.
• Dill has a strong flavor that may not be to everyone's taste. Start with a small amount and adjust suggested the quantity you use in your recipes accordingly.
• Dill flowers make an attractive garnish.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, edible blossoms, herb for cooking, floral bouquet, pollinator friendly, garnish

Echinacea 

(Echinacea purpurea) 

Echinacea

So many herbs come to us from Europe or Asia that it's nice to report on an important North American native flowering herb like echinacea. This beauty is a  perennial native to the eastern and central United States. Its daisy-like flowers bloom in midsummer and this show of bright color continues until the first frost. Unlike traditional daisies, its blossoms have an exaggerated, dome-shaped center circled by long, slanting petals in colors from purple to pink.  Echinacea is also known as purple coneflower. It's an easy care herb that's a nice addition to the garden.

This plant is well known for its history of medicinal use. Indigenous tribes used echinacea to treat respiratory problems, toothache, snake bit, to aid in wound healing and more. Modern gardeners grow echinacea for its lovely flowers, its value in attracting beneficial insects like bees and butterflies, and also for its potential medicinal benefits in helping to boost the immune system. It's leaves, roots and flowers are often consumed in the form of a relaxing tea. (Consult a healthcare professional before using Echinacea medicinally.)

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This resilient herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9, enduring winter temperatures as low as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil but is somewhat adaptable.

Sun: Needs full sun to thrive

Water: Requires regular watering, especially during the first year.

Color: Purple, pink

Other Tips:

• Deadheading encourages robust blooming.
• Echinacea readily self-sows. To control its spread, remove spent flowers before seeds develop.
• The above-ground parts of the plant are the most commonly used for medicinal purposes.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to this flowering herb. Consult with a healthcare professional before using it medicinally.
• Important Note: Echinacea should never be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women, or by individuals with autoimmune diseases.

Uses: Healing petals and leaves, pollinator friendly herb, herb for tea, floral bouquet

Evening Primrose 

(Oenothera biennis

"The evening primrose is a flower of the night, a shy and delicate creature that opens      its petals only under the cover of darkness." - Unknown

Evening Primrose

Evening primrose is a biennial. It is one of those interesting plants with a two year life cycle. It grows to maturity in the first year and then sets seed and dies in the second year. Its large, eye catching flowers open in the late afternoon or early evening with four delicate petals surrounding a central cluster of stamens.  You can see yellow evening primrose flowers above, but they are also available in pink and white.  While this flowering herb has no culinary value, Native Americans have used it for its medicinal value in wound healing and to treat skin irritation. Evening primrose oil is a popular ingredient used in the treatment of eczema and other skin conditions, although research into it's effectiveness is still ongoing.

Growing: 

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, enduring winter temperatures as low as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil.

Sun: Tolerates full sun to partial shade.

Water: Needs moderate watering. For the best results allow the soil to dry out somewhat between waterings.

Color: Yellow, pink, white

Other Tips:

• As with many herbs and other plants, deadheading encourages flowering.
• Use some caution as this plant self-sows aggressively.
• Medicinally, the oil extracted from the seeds of evening primrose are the most commonly used part of the plant. (Please consult your healthcare provider before attempting to use any herb for self treatment.)

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• Evening primrose contains small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic in large quantities. 
•  This easy flowering herb is a great candidate for a wildflower garden.

Uses:  Healing seeds, petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, floral herbal tea, floral bouquet

Feverfew 

(Tanacetum parthenium)

"Feverfew, a plant whose fragrance evokes both the garden and the apothecary." - Unknown

Feverfew

Feverfew has clusters of small, daisy-like white petaled flowers with bright yellow centers that bloom throughout the summer. They look like chamomile blossoms but on a taller plant with feathery, almost fern-like leaves.  This flowering herb was used historically to treat fever and headache (the name is a not so subtle clue), and at one it time was nicknamed "medieval aspirin". Today, some herbalists suggest that it may be effective as an extract, tea or in capsule form to treat ailments as diverse as migraine, toothache, colitis, arthritis, menstrual cramps and more.  

Those are high expectations for one unassuming herb. Be aware, though, that research into the beneficial properties of feverfew are ongoing. We realize it is currently experiencing a moment in the treatment of migraine, but always consult with a physician before changing your care routine.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 7, withstanding winters as cold as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, sandy soil

Sun: Likes full sun to dappled light.

Water: Needs regular watering but can't stand boggy soil.

Color: White

Other Tips:

• The leaves are the most commonly used part of the plant for potential health benefits. 

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• While safe for most people as a garden addition, some individuals with allergies to ragweed or daisies may experience allergic reactions to feverfew.
• Feverfew is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women.
• Consult with a healthcare professional before using feverfew medicinally as it can interact with prescription and over the counter medications.

Uses:  Medicinal seeds, petals or leaves, herb for tea

Lavender 

(Lavandula angustifolia)

"There's a few things I've learned in life: always throw salt over your left shoulder, keep rosemary by your garden gate, plant lavender for good luck, and fall in love whenever you can."

                                                           - Alice Hoffman, Practical Magic (1995)

English Lavender

Lavender, is one of the most well known, used and respected flowering herbs available to the casual gardener. It is native to the regions bordering the Mediterranean and it is used in landscaping, in cooking and in crafts. It's fragrance is featured in thousands of products, and it is a staple in perfumery. 

There are a number of lavender varieties, four of which are often referred to as true lavenders. They are among  the basic varieties upon which hundreds of cultivars are based.  English lavender, Lavandula angustifolia, is the most widely cultivated and arguably the most popular of the four. It is also the one most often recommended for culinary use. 

English lavender produces clusters of fragrant flowers that bloom in mid to late summer. Although most varieties are available in colors from lavender to purple, pink, white and blue cultivars are also available. The narrow grey-green leaves of English lavender help disperse this plant's distinctive aroma. The leaves also have a subtle peppery flavor that makes them a valuable addition to the spice cabinet.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This resilient herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 5 to 9, tolerating winters as cold as -20°F.

Soil: Prefers very well-draining soil on the drier side. Sandy soil is a good choice. Don't underestimate that this plant's need for well draining soil. Wet feet will kill it faster than almost anything else.

Sun: Needs full sun.

Water: Water regularly and allow the soil to dry between watering sessions. Avoid overwatering.

Color:  Lavender, purple, blue, white

Other Tips:

• Lavender is a perennial herb that comes back year after year.
• Regular pruning encourages bushy growth and a more attractive shape.
• The flowers and leaves can be harvested throughout the blooming season.
• Lavender discourage mosquitoes, which makes it a good choice for decks and patios.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• While generally safe for most people, individuals with allergies to ragweed may have allergic reactions to lavender.
• Although English lavender does not like high  humidity, some of the newer cultivars are more tolerant of humid conditions.
• French, Spanish and Spike lavender varieties may also be appropriate for challenging applications.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, edible blossoms, healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, companion herb plant, herb for tea, culinary garnish, floral bouquet, dried floral

Meadowsweet 

(Filipendula ulmaria)

"Meadowsweet, the flower that smells of summer and dreams." - Unknown

Meadowsweet

Meadowsweet blooms in mid to late summer when it produces many small white to blush pink blossoms in dense clusters that smell lightly of almonds. With tall stems and attractive, fern-like foliage, it is a good candidate to become a focal point in a dedicated herb patch or perennial bed. It's also a nice addition to a wildflower garden.

This plant has a rich history as a medicinal and mystical herb. Like white willow bark, it contains salicylic acid, a precursor to modern aspirin. It has been used in pain management to treat headache and arthritis. It is also an anti-inflammatory and natural diuretic. Some people also use it as a sleep aid in a refreshing evening meadowsweet tea. 

In medieval Europe, this flowering herb was believed to have magical properties. Because of it's association with love and marriage (as an aid in finding love and promoting matrimonial bliss), meadowsweet was a common flower used in bridal bouquets. It was thought to attract the fairy folk. In fact, at one time it wasn't uncommon for people to leave offerings for the little folk under meadowsweet shrubs. 

Growing: 

Hardiness Zones: This resilient herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 8, tolerating winters as cold as -30°F.

Soil: Needs moist, well-drained soil.

Sun: Does best in full sun to partial shade.

Water: Needs regular watering. Be particularly diligent about watering during hot dry periods.

Color: White, beige

Other Tips:

• Meadowsweet is a perennial flowering herb that can grow to 6 feet under favorable conditions.
• Deadheading  encourages flower production throughout the season.
• Meadowsweet spreads through underground rhizomes.  Divide plants every 3- to 5 years to avoid overcrowding.
• The flowers and leaves are the main parts used for medicinal purposes. 

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• People with allergies to aspirin or other salicylates may experience allergic reactions to this herb. It also carries the same cautions as aspirin when dealing with children.
• Meadowsweet tea is generally considered safe, but may cause reactions in some,  including nausea and skin rashes.
• It may interact with prescription and over the counter medications.
• Meadowsweet attracts pollinators like butterflies and bees.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, herb for tea, floral bouquet, rich history

Passion Flower 

(Passiflora incarnata)

There has fallen a splendid tear

From the passion-flower at the gate.

She is coming, my dove, my dear;

She is coming, my life, my fate.

                         --  Alfred Tennyson

Passion Flower

Passion flower is a climbing vine native to North America, Central America and South America. One of its most remarkable characteristics is its alluring flowers. These blooms feature a crown-like structure with five white to purplish petals and a banded central halo. The flowers produce oval fruits that add visual interest by ripening to yellow or purple.  Its flowers also attract lots of pollinators. While passion flower isn't a culinary herb, its remarkable flowers make it visually arresting in any garden.

Passion flower may have anti inflammatory and healing properties. It has been used as a sleep aid, to reduce stress, control pain, help reduce the symptoms of ADHD and more. Passion flower leaves can be made into a soothing tea.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable vine thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 11, tolerating winters as cold as 10°F, but may require winter protection in colder zones.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil.

Sun: Enjoys full sun to partial shade.

Water: Needs regular watering, especially during hot, dry periods. Avoid overwatering, but don't let the soil dry out completely.

Color: Purple, blue

Other Tips:

• Passion flower is a perennial vine that dies back in the fall and returns year after year.
• For the best results, provide a trellis or other support structure for this vine to climb.
• The above-ground parts of the plant are the most commonly used for medicinal purposes. Please consult a healthcare professional before using passion flower to treat any medical condition.

Passion flower on a trellis

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• This plant may interact with prescription and over the counter medications. Consult with a healthcare professional before using it medicinally.

Uses: Healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, companion herb plant, herb for tea

Pineapple Sage 

(Salvia elegans)

Pineapple Sage

Pineapple sage is a perennial native to Mexico and Guatemala. It is distinctive for its clusters of brilliant red, tubular flowers that grow in profusion from late summer through fall. If you're interested in attracting hummingbirds and butterflies to your garden, this herb is for you. As an added bonus, the bright green leaves of pineapple sage release a sweet pineapple fragrance when handled. It really does smell like pineapple.

The Aztecs were likely the first to cultivate this unique plant. It was later introduced to European gardens in the 1800s. Pineapple sage leaves are a nice addition to teas and salads, and it also makes a very nice garnish.

This one's hardy choice for beginning gardeners.  It isn't fussy and likes the heat.         

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This heat-loving herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 8 to 11. In colder climates, it can be grown as an annual.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil but can adapt to various soil types.

Sun: For abundant blooms and a nice fragrance, provide full sun.

Water: Needs regular watering.

Color: Red

Other Tips:

• Pineapple sage is a perennial flowering herb in warm climates, but it can't withstand the temperature drop in colder areas. Treat it as an annual if planting in zones colder than 8. You can also treat it as a commuter plant. Bring it indoors before the first frost, and put it  back outside in spring. 
• If you can provide bright, indirect natural light indoors, you can also grow it as a year round houseplant. Of the three options, in USDA Hardiness Zone 6,  I've had success treating it as a commuter plant along with rosemary.
• The leaves and flowers are the edible parts of the plant. Pineapple sage leaves can be used fresh or dried.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• This interesting plant readily self-sows. Deadhead before seeds disperse unless you want plenty of starts to share with neighbors and friends.
• Some studies suggest pineapple sage may have potentials in reducing anxiety and lowering blood pressure. 
• Medicinal use of this herb is discouraged if you are pregnant or nursing. It may also interact with over the counter and prescription medications you may be taking.  Consult with a medical professional before using any herb to treat illness.
• In spring and fall, it's easy to propagate pineapple sage through stem cuttings.
• Although uncommon, handling pineapple sage leaves may cause skin irritation in some people.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, edible blossoms, pollinator friendly herb, herb for tea, tincture, culinary garnish, floral bouquet

Rose - Damask Rose 

(Rosa Damascena)

"If every tiny flower wanted to be a rose,

spring would lose its loveliness."

               – Therese of Lisieux

The rose is a flower of love. 

It is also a flower of war."

-Umberto Eco, The Name of the Rose

Damask Rose

It isn't an overstatement to say that roses are the reigning queens of garden flowers. In this august company, no rose shines brighter than the Damask rose (Rosa x damascena). It's long history, wonderful scent and the high Vitamin C content of it's rose hips make it a standout. If you're looking for a flowering herb for your garden that's lovely, tantalizingly fragrant and has value as a vitamin supplement, you can't do better. 

Native to western Asia, this shrub rose produces clusters of large flowers that bloom in profusion from late spring or early summer, depending on your location.  Although pink is the most common shade, variations can range from blush to soft crimson. Horticultural sleuths have concluded that the genetic complexity of this rose is probably the result of numerous crosses among ancient wild rose species.

Historical use of the Damask rose traces back thousands of years to a time when it was a popular ingredient in cosmetics, perfumes and medicines. This special rose was also used as a flavoring ingredient and even employed in religious rites. 

Beyond its value today as a beautiful garden herb plant, the damask rose is still used extensively in perfumery.  Because of it's complex rose scent, it is a common base ingredient in rose oil and rose water, both of which you can make at home.  If you dabbles in herbal preparations, this plant belongs in your collection.   

It has culinary value, too. Rose hips harvested from this rose variety are high in vitamin C.  Its dried petals and buds are used to make a fragrant tea. Its petals can be used to create a wonderful rose infused honey, and it's candied petals make striking edible decorations for baked goods. 

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable shrub thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 5 to 9, tolerating winters as cold as -20°F .

Soil: Prefers well-drained, rich soil with slightly acidic to neutral pH.

Sun: Requires full sun for at least 6 to 8 hours a day.

Water: Needs a  regular watering schedule. Be particularly careful during hot, dry periods. Do not let the soil dry out completely. (When watering, make sure the soil drains completely. This rose will not tolerate boggy conditions.)

Color: Pink

Other Tips:

• The Damask rose is a deciduous shrub. It loses its leaves in fall.
• The fragrant petals are the main part of the plant used for rose water and rose oil. Harvest the fully opened blossoms early in the morning.
• Prune after flowering. This encourages better air flow and a healthier plant.
• Damask roses are hearty and relatively disease-resistant but may be have problems with powdery mildew or black spot.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• Wear gloves when working with roses. The thorns can and will damage tender skin.
• Winter protection will be necessary in cold climates. Mulching and burlap wraps are two of many options for adding protection when over-wintering rose bushes.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, edible blossoms, healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, herb for tea, floral bouquet, dried floral

Rosemary 

(Rosmarinus officinalis)

"Where rosemary flourishes, the woman rules"  - Medieval adage 

Rosemary

You probably already know rosemary has a resinous, piney aroma that can enhance the flavor of lamb and pork dishes. It makes a nice shrub, and can be trained into a hedge easily. This evergreen has needle like, deep green leave that make a nice contrast to other plants in the garden. There are prostrate rosemary varieties (sounds a bit Victorian doesn't it) that hug the ground, and some newer cultivars that are hardy to USDA Hardiness Zones 6 or possibly even 5 in sheltered areas.

Rosemary in bloom can really put on a show with a riot of small blue to lavender flowers. This can make an impressive display in a border or as a focal point.  If you're planning to make a decorative wreath to display your bounty of garden herbs, rosemary boughs make an attractive base, too.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: Thrives in USDA zones 7-10. Hardiness zone 10 tolerates temperatures as cold as 30 to 40°F.  In cold climates, this flowering herb can be grown as an annual or commuter plant in a container.
Soil: Prefers well-draining soil with a slightly alkaline to neutral pH (6.0-7.0). Sandy or loamy soil is ideal.
Sun: Requires at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day during spring and summer. This is essential for the continued health of the plant.
Water: Drought-tolerant once established. Water rosemary regularly during the first year after planting. During each session, water deeply and then allow the soil to dry out between treatments.

Color: Blue, purple

Other Tips:

• Light application of balanced fertilizer in spring can help rosemary get a jump start on the growing season.
• Regular trimming encourages bushy growth and a uniform shape. It also prevents the plant from becoming woody. Dry the trimmings for your spice cabinet!
• This plant is easily propagated from cuttings taken in spring or summer.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• Overwatering can easily cause root rot.
• Susceptible to spider mites, aphids, and fungal diseases.
• This versatile flowering herb is a culinary superstar. Try growing a rosemary shrub and using it's woody stems as shish kebab skewers. (Be sure to soak them thoroughly before adding them to the grill.)
• This plant has a history of use to improve memory and digestion.
• May deter pests like cabbage moths and mosquitoes.
• Rosemary is a recommended companion plant for beans, carrots and cabbage.

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, companion herb plant, herb for tea, herb for cooking, floral bouquet

Scented Geraniums 

(Pelargonium spp.)

"The scent of geraniums, so familiar and comforting, reminded her of her grandmother's garden." - Unknown

Scented Geranium

Scented geraniums, also known as cranesbills or pelargoniums, are flowering herbs native to South Africa. If you think they smell like thek garden variety geraniums you'll find at your local big box garden outlet, think again.Unlike their showy relatives, those zonal geraniums loved for their for large blooms, scented geraniums are famous for their colorful small flowers and various, strong fragrances (from citronella, to peppermint to attar of roses and much more). The petite flower shapes vary as do the colors of different scented geranium varieties.  

If you like plants with cottage garden appeal in their bright green leaves, fairy flower blossoms and wonderful scents, a plot of scented geraniums will enhance the area around your garden gate, porch, patio or deck.  As an extra bonus, scented geraniums also thrive in garden pots.

Once sought after for their medicinal properties, they were later cultivated for for their many fragrances. Current medical research is ongoing with regard to the potential benefits of this group of plants, and the results are surprising. Consider these scented geraniums with purported medicinal benefits:

Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens):

May act as an antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, astringent and antiseptic. 

It has been used in aromatherapy to relieves stress, anxiety and depression.

As a topical ointment, it may have some use in treating acne and eczema.

As a tea or tincture, it may reduce the discomfort of menstrual cramps and menopausal symptoms.

Lemon-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium crispum): 

May act as an antiseptic, antifungal and natural insect repellent.

Applied topically, it may sooth insect bites and minor cuts or burns.

It has been used in aromatherapy to aid in concentration.

Lemon-scented geranium tea may help with digestive issues.

Peppermint-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium tomentosum):

May act as an antispasmodic and digestive aid. As an ointment, it may reduce muscle pain and headache. As a tea, it may calm upset stomach.

Citronella-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium citrosum):

Can be effective as a mosquito repellent, and when planted around a patio deck, may act as a mosquito barrier.

Important Caution: Consult a healthcare professional before using scented geraniums for medicinal purposes. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid using scented geraniums medicinally. 

Citronella-Scented Geranium
 (Pelargonium citrosum)

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: These versatile plants thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 9 to 11. In colder climates, they can be grown as container plants and brought indoors for the winter.

Soil: Needs well-drained, sandy soil.

Sun: Likes full sun to dappled light.

Water: Requires moderate watering, but allow the soil to dry slightly between times. Avoid overwatering.

Color: Multiple depending on variety

Other Tips:

• Pinch back unsightly long stems to encourage bushier growth.
• The leaves are the primary fragrant part of  this flowering herb. 
• These highly fragrant plants are generally pest and disease resistant.
• Scented geraniums are tender perennials in warmer climates and annuals in colder areas. You can overwinter them indoors as houseplants if you have a sunny spot for them. 
• You can also bring them inside before the first frost and place them in a dry, cool dark, location where the temperature does not drop below 48°F or so. Do not water them, and check them periodically for mold growth.  With any luck, they will go dormant. You can then put them back outdoors in spring where they will revive.

  

Chocolate Peppermint Geranium

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow:

• Ingestion of large quantities of leaves may cause stomach upset.
• The essential oils in the leaves can irritate sensitive skin. 
• The leaves of this herb can be used fresh or dried in potpourri, teas, or in the sugar bowl for a touch of luscious aroma. (Please refer to the cautions above.)

Uses: Aromatic bloomer, edible blossoms, healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, companion herb plant, floral herbal tea infusion, tincture, garnish, floral bouquet

Statice 

(Limonium sinuatum)

"Statice, a flower that whispers of eternity." - Unknown

Flowering statice

Statice is known for keeping it's vibrant color and shape when dried. Like curry plant (Helichrysum Italicum), another "everlasting" flowering herb, statice is a Mediterranean native. Throughout the summer months and well into fall, it produces tight clusters of funnel-shaped flowers in shades from yellow to pink to lavender and deep purple.  The stiff bracts enclosing the small flowers of the statice plant retain their rich colors as they dry.  (The photo above shows the flowers and bracts.) Originally cultivated for its medicinal properties, today statice is a sought after ornamental plant that's easy to grow and does a good job of attracting beneficial insects like butterflies.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable flowering herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 10. In colder climates, it can be cultivated as an annual.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, sandy soil.

Sun: Likes full sun.

Water: Needs moderate watering.

Color:  Yellow, pink, lavender, purple

Dried statice

Other Tips:

• Deadhead spent blooms to encourage flower production.
• To harvest dried flowers, cut flowering stems when all (or most) of the blossoms have opened. Hang stems upside down in a cool, dark, well-ventilated spot like a basement until dry (about 10 days to 2 weeks).  Other drying methods may also be employed, like oven drying or using a dehydrator.
• Statice is typically pest and disease resistant.

Uses: Floral bouquet, dried floral

Strawflower 

(Xerochrysum bracteatum)

"Strawflowers, a reminder that beauty can endure even in the harshest conditions." - Unknown

Strawflower

Strawflower, an Australian import, is another flowering herb with everlasting blooms. The stiff, durable bracts surrounding the small strawflower blossoms look like narrow petals, and create the appearance of complete flowers in their own right. Once dried, these flowers are sturdy and can retain their vibrant color and attractive, round shape for years. Strawflower is a popular addition to dry flower arrangements, and adds interest to potpourri, herb wreaths, swags and more.

Aboriginal Australians used strawflowers in religious ceremonies and as a decorative element in their dwellings, clothing and other areas of personal expression.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable flowering herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 8 to 11. 

Soil: Requires well-drained, sandy or loamy soil. Will not tolerate soggy conditions.

Sun: Needs  full sun.

Water: Water on a regular schedule, allowing the soil to dry between times. Avoid overwatering.

Color: Yellow, orange, russet, pink, lavender, white

Other Tips:

• This plant can be grown as an annual or short-lived perennial (2 to 3 year lifecycle) in warmer climates.
• Strawflower produces beautiful blossoms, but the plant as a whole can look a bit straggly. You might want to avoid placing it in a prominent location. It may also require support if situated in a windy spot.
• For harvesting flowers, cut stems when the flower bracts are fully open and the center is a tight, round disk. Hang stems upside down in a cool, dark location with good circulation until dry.
• Strawflower is pest and disease resistant.

Uses: Floral bouquet, dried floral

Sunflower 

(Helianthus annuus)

Petite Sunflower

The Sunflower is an impressive giant with large yellow petals and a disk shaped center ripe with seeds. This American native plant is a true showstopper. Thanks to the many cultivars on the market, sunflowers come in a number of sizes with some reaching over 12 feet high. If you are patient enough, you can see them turning their heavy flowering heads in slow motion to follow the light as the sun transits the sky in a process called heliotropism. When you're feeling a bit fanciful after a day in the garden, this can make them seem almost sentient. 

These silent sentinels were originally cultivated by Native American tribes as a source of food. After their introduction to Europe, they quickly acquired to huge following -- and why not? They make an impressive statement in the garden.  Even though they need quite ad bit of space, every gardener should grow a sunflower at least once. Actually, this annual plant is surprisingly easy to grow, produces abundant seed and attracts pollinators.  They also produce a great deal of pollen, which can be bad news if you have allergies.  Bees appreciate the bounty, though.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: These adaptable plants thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 2 to 11.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil.

Sun: Enjoys full sun.

Water: Needs regular watering, especially during hot, dry periods.

Color: Yellow

Bees love sunflowers.

Other Tips:

• Sunflowers are annual plants that complete their life cycle in a single season.
• Sow seeds directly outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
• These plants are generally pest and disease resistant.
• Tall varieties will probably need staking once the heavy flower heads begin to develop.

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow Sunflowers:

• Sunflowers can grow large, so be sure to give them enough room. Space them at least 12 to 24 inches apart for the best results.
• Sunflower pollen may irritate sensitive skin.

Uses:  Pollinator friendly, edible seeds for cooking and snacking, floral bouquet, bird forage

Yarrow 

(Achillea millefolium)

O, weeping willow shed your sorrow

         on whispering breeze to soothe your grief

         within whose breath's a healing yarrow

         to whisk away tears upon your leaf. 

                        Susan Ashley, Venus Gifts a Yarrow's Kiss

Yarrow in bloom

Yarrow is often referred to as common yarrow or milfoil. It's a hardy perennial flowering herb with tiny, flat-topped flowers arranged in attractive clusters of white, yellow or pink. Yarrow attracts pollinators like butterflies to the garden and the fern-lime fronds of this flowering herb add texture to a perennial border. Some cultivars can reach 5 feet in height, providing shade to other, lower growing herbs.

This plants historical roots can be traced to ancient Greece where it was used by Achilles to treat wounds. That's the origin of its botanical name  "Achillea". 

Yarrow is valued for its culinary, medicinal, and crafting uses. Its leaves have a slightly bitter, pungent taste and can enhance the complexity and savor of salads, soups, and stews. It has been used to promote wound healing, and it may also be effective at boosting the immune system. It's surprising, but the effectiveness of yarrow based mosquito repellents has been compared favorably to the popular repellent chemical compound DEET. Its flowers can be used dried in floral arrangements and in the creation of natural dyes. 

 

Growing:
Hardiness Zones: 3-9
Soil: Well-draining soil, tolerates poor soil
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Water: Drought tolerant once established, water occasionally during dry periods

Color: White, yellow, pink, peach, red

Other Tips:

• Yarrow can be propagated easily from seed, division, or cuttings
• Deadheading can encourage more and larger blooms
• Cold stratification will increase seed germination

A Few Cautions and Reasons to Grow Yarrow:

• While yarrow is generally a safe flowering herb, it can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Consult a medical professional before using any herb for medicinal purposes.

Uses: Attractive bloomer, healing petals or leaves, pollinator friendly herb, companion herb plant, herb for tea, herb for cooking, floral bouquet

Landscaping always looks so much more interesting and inviting when it includes  flowering plants, don't you think? How many flowering herbs are on your short list for the garden this year? Are you interested in beautiful blooms alone, or in beautiful blooms with aromatic, culinary, medicinal and crafting benefits? Herbs have a lot to offer. Give them a little real estate, and let them show you what they're capable of!

*Some varieties of flowering herbs have newer cultivars that do not flower. This is a workaround for herbs that tend to become bitter after flowering. Research your choices To avoid being disappointed.

**Cold stratification is a technique used to simulate winter for seeds that need a period of cold to help them germinate. This mimics what happens naturally when seeds are dispersed in autumn and sprout in spring. Here's how it works:

Seeds from some plants enter dormancy in winter and will not germinate without a period of cold temperatures. Gardeners can simulate winter by placing these seeds in a cool environment, like a refrigerator, for a period of time. Removal from the cold  breaks dormancy, and the seeds begin their vegetative stage. Cold stratification improves germination rates for these types of seeds, and a brief stint in the refrigerator is a great workaround. anise hyssop, arnica, coneflower and lavender.

 blooms in beautiful colors with bold or delicate fragrances and culinary and medicinal potential can be be part of your landscape. If you love flowering herbs, we have some suggestions for your herb garden. Our flowering herb list includes some of the most popular and useful plants available for the backyard garden. When space is limited, herbs give great value, and when space is abundant, they can provide that sense of bounty and possibility that is so wonderful about a classic cottage garden.

Most herbs flower in one way or another*, but the results for some are unimpressive. We have compiled a list of two dozen useful herbs that produce vibrant and attractive blossoms. Although a few, like borage and chamomile blossoms, are small in overall size, they are vivid in coloration and well formed. Any one of our 24 offerings would make an excellent contribution to your garden, growing conditions permitting.

Don't be shy about trying new blooming herbs, or using old favorites in new ways. Did you realize dill flowers look beautiful in garden bouquets, or that it's easy to harvest rose hips from your roses or use rose pedals to prepare simple rose water or rose oil recipes? Be bold this season, and make herbs the focus of your flower patch. Pollinators will flock to your garden, and birds will enjoy your flower choices, too. Strategic placements will also attract beneficial insects, and help repel common pests like aphids and whiteflies. Read on for tips in these areas.

When Growing Herbs,  Timing Is Everything

Remember, herbs, like other plants, keep their eyes on the prize, which is to grow healthy and strong in order to flower and set seed for a new generation. This progression creates advantages and challenges for herb gardeners. When plants are young, they produce abundant leaves with strong flavor. If you are growing herbs to use their leaves in cooking or for teas or medicinal purposes, this is the optimal time to start harvesting. After flowering, the leaves of some herbs can lose flavor or become somewhat bitter. This is true of cilantro, oregano and basil.

If leaf production is your goal when growing a particular herb, you may want to delay flowering, especially for plants that tend to escalate their flower production, a process called bolting, when temperatures heat up in late spring or early summer. This retards but does not stop flowering. It does help increase leaf yields, though. Just pinch back  emerging buds until you're ready for your plants to flower. Herbs that benefit from delayed flowering to maintain leaf production include dill and cilantro. You might also want to try planting these herbs on a staggered schedule, say once every two weeks in early spring.

If your main goal is to grow bouquet quality herb flowers, allow plants to mature naturally, but be sure to follow best practices regarding soil quality, sun exposure, watering and pest control. This is good advice for all types of herb cultivation, but it is particularly important if you want large, healthy and attractive blooms.

Keep Your Herb Harvest Wholesome With Cautious Pesticide Management

If you want to use flowering herb plants in cooking or home remedies, avoid treating them with pesticides. Whenever possible, prefer options like companion planting. If you do use pesticides, choosing control treatments commonly applied to vegetable and other edible crops are your best bet. You might consider options like insecticidal soap, neem oil or pyrethrin-based products. Read and follow the directions carefully. It's also a great idea to treat plants in the evenings after bees and other pollinators that have ceased their activity for the day.

Culinary and Medicinal  Flowering Herb Selection and Harvesting Tips

Harvest edible herb flowers early in the day after the dew has dried and they have opened fully. Cut the stems on a diagonal, and place them in water in a cool, shaded indoor spot until you are ready to use them. For the best results, use edible flowers within a few hours of harvesting them.

If you forage rather than grow some of your herbs, avoid any you find near busy roadways. Polluted soil from car exhaust makes them undesirable. Avoid any flowers purchased in grocery stores or other markets if they were not grown specifically for culinary use. 

The following list of flowering herbs contains growing information, interesting  historical facts and insights into each plant's common uses. If you love gardening, herb lore, cooking with herbs or herb crafting, these beauties deserve a spot in your landscape.

Flowering Herb List

Anise Hyssop

(Agastache foeniculum) 

A North America  native, anise hyssop is a perennial in the mint family Lamiaceae, not the hyssop genus, that produces purple spikes that look a lot like a fluffy textured lavender from a distance. This plant is an aromatic bloomer from mid-summer to late fall and attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds to the garden. If you want pollinators for your victory vegetable patch, plant anise hyssop and they will come.  The leaves and flowers of anise hyssop are edible and taste mildly of licorice. They have antioxidant properties and make a tasty herbal tea, too.

Growing:

Hardiness zone: Anise hyssop grows best in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, which gives it a pretty wide range. This means it can withstand winter temperatures as low as -40°F.

Soil: Anise hyssop prefers well-drained soil and can adapt to soil types that aren't extreme. 

Sun and water: For the best results, give this plant full sun or dappled afternoon light, and allow the soil to dry somewhat between waterings.

Color: Lavender, purple, blue

Other Tips:

• Deadheading encourages long and late season blooming. 
• **Anise hyssop's seeds benefits from cold stratification for a few weeks, or simulating winter conditions to prime seeds for germination.  This prepares them for a spring wake up call. 
• Two popular anise hyssop cultivars are Golden Jubilee and Blue Fortune.
• This easy care herb can be susceptible to root rot in poorly draining soils. Good soil preparation and watering habits can help control this and make hyssop much happier herb in your garden.
• Although the leaves are generally safe to consume, some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation when handling anise hyssop. Wear gloves until you know you're not affected.
• Anise hyssop is easy-to-care-for. It can be used in herbal teas, added to salads and dried for potpourri and sachets. 
• It Is also deer resistant.

Angelica

(Angelica archangelica) 

Angelica

Angelica is a towering biennial herb native to Europe and Asia. It produces clusters of white or greenish-yellow flowers that bloom in mid to late summer.  Its flowers are small and delicate, arranged in umbrella-shapes that tower above the plant on sturdy, hollow stems.  Angelica can reach a height of up eight feet but usually tops out at around six feet, so plan accordingly.

This plant has a rich and fascinating history.  It was once reputed to cure plague. Legends claim Archangel Michael revealed angelica's curative properties to a Catholic monk in a dream. Angelica is named to honor Archangel Michael. 

In Europe, angelica was used to promote healing, and worn or carried as a protective talisman to ward off evil influences.  Angelica root was also sometimes used as a digestive aid. 

Gardeners grow this lovely flowering herb for its medicinal value, large, impressive flowers and historical significance.

A floral bouquet of angelica flowers

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: Angelica grows best in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 7. It can tcolerate winter temperatures -40°F.
Soil: Prefers moist, rich, well-drained soil.
Sun and Water: This plant likes full sun to partial shade and needs consistent watering, especially during hot days. Poor water maintenance can easily kill it.
Color: White, beige

Other Tips:

• Angelica is a biennial. This means it completes its life cycle in two years. It flowers in its second year and then goes to seed.
• Start Angelica seeds indoors eight weeks before the last frost. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
• Angelica is a slow grower but has the potential to grow quite large. Its roots and seeds should be harvested in the second year.
• While generally safe for most people, pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid ingesting angelica.
• Contact with the leaves may cause skin irritation. (It's always best to wear gloves when handling herbs with which you are unfamiliar.) 
• Angelica has hollow stems that have been harvested and candied as a sweet treat for centuries. Angelica can also be used to make jams and jellies.

Add angelica to your herb garden if you want to create height in the space and enjoy the idea of growing a plant with a rich history. Making your own candied angelica stems might have some interest too, especially if you like to make candied ginger or citrus.

Bee Balm 

(Monarda didyma)

Bee Balm

Bee Balm (related to wild bergamot), a North American native herb, is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae). It's a beauty, with tubular flowers that feature lobed lips and square stems. The flowers are arranged in tight clusters. One of the most popular and common varieties of bee balm is scarlet bee balm (Monarda didyma), which produces many bright red flowers. An Aaromatic bloomer, this flowering herb has a minty/citrus fragrance with a hint of something earthy, like oregano. The scent is attractive to bees and butterflies. The tubular flowers also make it a good nectar source for hummingbirds. If you're interested in attracting pollinators, or just love watching wildlife around your flower beds, this herb is a good choice.

Bee balm has an interesting history. Native American tribes used it for medicinal purposes to treat respiratory and digestive issues, and the Oneidna Nation in particular considered bee balm one of their six holy medicines.  European colonists brewed a tasty bee balm tea that was likely recommended to them by the Oswego People when black tea became scarce in 1773 after the Boston Tea Party.

Modern scientific research about the medicinal value of this easy to grow herb is limited, but it has a long folk history of medicinal uses. (Please consult your doctor before trying any herbal remedy.)

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This flowering herb grows in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, tolerating winters as cold as -40°F.

Soil: Bee Balm likes well-drained soil, and will not fare well in dense clay.

Sun and Water: Provide full sun to partial shade. Requires regular watering, but allow the soil to dry slightly between times.

Color: Red, purple, pink, white

Other Tips:

• Pinching off spent flowers encourages continuous blooming.
• Bee balm can be invasive. It spreads through rhizome and seed propagation. To control it, divide plants every three years and remove flowers before the seeds develop.
• The flowers and serrated leaves of bee balm are edible and can be used in teas and salads.
• This plant attracts pollinators like hummingbirds, bees and butterflies.
• Dried bee balm flowers are an excellent addition to potpourri. 
• Bee Balm is susceptible to powdery mildew.  Provide plants with good air circulation by not overcrowding them. Prefer watering in the morning rather than at night, and water from the bottom. Drip irrigation is an excellent watering method.
• Consider adding bee balm to your herb garden if you are interested in a plant with showy flowers that is low maintenance and a pollinator magnet.

 Borage 

(Borago officinalis)

"The borage always reminds me of the clear blue sky." - Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Gift from the Sea

Borage

Borage is a stunning annual native to the Mediterranean.  Its clusters of bright blue, star-shaped flowers bloom from midsummer to the first frost.  The flowers are small, but they look like jewels against the backdrop of borage's fuzzy, silver/green leaves.  Borage is easy to grow. Its leaves and flowers are edible. The leaves taste pleasantly of cucumber and make a unique addition to summer salads. It's flowers and leaves are also used in soups, stews, garnishes and beverages.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: Borage grows well in Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, surviving winter temperatures as low as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil.

Sun and Water: Thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Needs moderate watering.

Color: Blue

 Borage flower frozen in an ice cube

Other Tips:

• Deadheading spent flowers encourages continuous blooming.
• Borage self-sows readily, so keep it contained. 
• Candied borage flowers are a popular decorative element for baked goods. They are also pretty when frozen into ice cubes and served in summer beverages. 

Candied borage flowers

• Borage contains small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic in large quantities. Consume this herb in moderation.

Calendula 

(Calendula officinalis)

"Calendulas, like friendly suns, opened wide their petals to the warmth." - Elizabeth von Arnim, Elizabeth and Her German Garden

Calendula

Calendula is an annual herb native to southwestern Asia and Europe.  It's common name is pot marigold, which should not be confused with French marigold (Tagetes patula). It produces daisy-like flowers in shades from white to nearly russet, although the most common cultivars are bright orange. These blooms have a flat central disc surrounded by a row of broad petals, often in a contrasting color.

.

Calendula was once known as "poor man's saffron" because it was used as an inexpensive saffron (Crocus sativus) substitute to color and flavor cheeses, sauces and other foods. In the garden, calendula is a low maintenance flowering herb that attracts beneficial insects like ladybugs and bees. (Caution: It may also attract aphids and white flies.) It is a good companion plant for tomatoes, as it repels hornworms. 

Unfortunately, calendula can attract more harmful pests than it repels, so some gardeners grow it at a distance from vegetables and other plants. In this capacity it may act as a "trap" crop that lures pests away from more valuable plantings.

Calendula petals are the most commonly used part of the plant. They can be harvested fresh or dried for use in teas and salves to treat skin irritation, and as ingredients in soups and stews. Calendula makes a nice garnish and a colorful addition to salad.

Growing: 

Hardiness Zones:  Calendula grows in herb Hardiness Zones 3 to 10. 

Soil: It prefers well drained soil.  Like many of the flowering herbs on this list, it can take some neglect. 

Sun and Water: Give full sun, and water it regularly.

Color: Orange, russet, white

Other Tips:

• Deadheading spent flowers (pinching them off) encourages heavy blooming throughout the season and discourages self seeding. 
• Some individuals with allergies to daisies or ragweed may have an allergic reaction to calendula, so use caution when introducing it into your garden.

Chamomile 

(Matricaria recutita)

"The chamomile, the only white flower that looks well on a grave." - Henry David Thoreau, Journal

Chamomile

Like calendula, chamomile is an annual, in this case native to Europe and western Asia. It produces small, daisy-like flowers with white petals and bright yellow centers. Its delicate appearance is enhanced by it's feathery green leaves. There is evidence chamomile was used in ancient Egypt as a soothing tea, and cosmetically for skin and hair care.

There are two main chamomile varieties: German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). German chamomile is more commonly used for teas and medicinal purposes, and is the herb variety we are discussing here.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: Chamomile is an adaptable plant that does well in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 7 where it can withstanding winters as cold as -40°F. 

Soil: This herb likes well-drained, loamy soil 

Sun and water: Provide full sun to light shade. 

Water chamomile on a regular schedule to keep it from wilting during hot spells.

Color: White

Other Tips:

• Sow directly outdoors in early spring or started chamomile indoors a few weeks before the last frost date for your area. 
• The small flowers are the most commonly used part of the plant, and can be harvested fresh or dried for use in calming teas, potpourris or crafts.
• People with allergies to ragweed or daisies may have allergic reactions to chamomile.
• Although there is interest in the use of this herb for a number of medical conditions, and reports of its medicinal use date back to ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, self treating with chamomile is not a substitute for professional medical treatment for digestive issues, anxiety, diabetes and other conditions.

 Dwarf chamomile ground cover

There is also a dwarf Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) that makes an excellent ground cover and lawn substitute. It grows between 2 and 4 inches (5 cm) high. Be sure to source the dwarf variety, as standard Roman chamomile can grow to 6 to 12 inches high.

 Chives 

(Allium schoenoprasum)

"Chives are the grass of the kitchen." - Author Unknown

Chives in bloom

A versatile perennial native to Siberia and central Asia, chives are a staple herb in many kitchens. This flowering herb is not famous for it's blossoms, but the hollow stems of the chive plant produces feathery but vivid flowers in pink to deep lavender from early to midsummer. This popular herb is very easy to grow.

Chives have a long history of culinary and medicinal use dating back centuries. At one time, they were even believed to ward off evil spirits.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: Chives will perform well in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9, and can survive winter temperatures as cold as -40°F. 

Soil: It likes well drained soil but isn't fussy. 

Sun and Water: Chives will perform best in full sun to dappled shade. 

Regular watering is important for this herb.

Other Tips:

• Divide chives every three years or so to prevent overcrowding. Chive flowers are edible and make a nice addition to salads. They are an attractive garnish, too.
• Chive leaves are the most commonly used part of the plant. They can be harvested throughout the growing season by snipping them with scissors. Avoid taking more than one third of this flowering herb during any single harvesting session.
• For winter access to chives, consider chopping bunches, placing them in a water slurry and freezing them into ice cubes. Drying chives is also an option, although dried chives tend to lose their flavor after a few months.
• Individuals with allergies to onions or other allium plants may have allergic reactions to chives.
• Chive vinegar is a classic herb project you can make with chive flowers. Beyond tasting wonderfully oniony, chive flowers also turn the vinegar a deep ruby color.

Comfrey 

(Symphytum officinale)

"Comfrey, the herb that knits broken bones." 

- Nicholas Culpeper, The Complete Herbal

Comfrey bell blossoms

Comfrey is native to Europe and western Asia and produces attractive tightly grouped purple (or sometimes white, yellow or blue) flowers in late spring. This herb has a long history of medicinal use. Widely known as knitbone, it was originally used for wound healing, inflammation and in the treatment of sprains and broken bones. Unfortunately, comfrey contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause liver damage if ingested or absorbed through cuts or abraided skin. Some sites on the internet still recommend ingesting comfrey to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, or topically to treat bruises. Ingesting comfrey is not recommended as it is associated with serious health risks.

That doesn't mean comfrey isn't a great addition to the garden, though.  This herb is a great source of soil nutrients like the big three, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It's roots also burrow deep into the soil, accessing micronutrients often not available to plants with shallower root systems.  When grown and used as a mulch, compost enhancer or other soil component, comfrey can be green gold. If you're interested in learning more about the value of comfrey in your garden, take a look at: 7 Comfy Uses in a Permaculture Garden.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable herb thrives inc USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 8, tolerating winters as cold as -30°F.

Soil: Likes moist, well-drained soil with lots of organic matter. Give this herb plenty of compost.

Sun: Provide full sun to partial shade.

Water: Needs regular watering.

Color: Purple

Other Tips:

• Comfrey is a fast-growing spreader. Plant it in a location where it has room to roam, or restrict to a container.
• Comfrey's leaves and roots are nitrogen rich and make a great addition to the compost pile.  For the best results, compost comfrey for an extended period before using it as a soil amendment.
• Wear gloves when handling comfrey to avoid skin irritation. Do not consume this herb internally in any form.

Curry Plant 

(Helichrysum Italicum) 

Curry Plant's everlasting flowers

Curry plant is a small shrub native to the rocky region around the Mediterranean coast. Its name suggest it has value as a cooking herb, but that's deceptive. Curry plant can be used in cooking, but it isn't a common ingredient in curry blends. 

It's real value is it's bright yellow, everlasting blooms, which are popular in dry flower arrangements, and it's beguiling fragrance. Curry plant produces small, button-shaped flower clusters that bloom all summer and have a fragrance some say is reminiscent of blended curry spices, while others believe it smells more like maple syrup. Its silvery-green leaves create a nice contrast to other green foliage in the garden. 

Color: Yellow

Other Tips:

This unique flowering herb can also be used used sparingly to complement the flavor of stews, egg dishes and more. 

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This fragrant herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 10 and can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, sandy or rocky soil. Use caution because this flowering herb will not tolerate soggy conditions.

Sun: Likes full sun.

Water: Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings. Avoid overwatering.

Color: Yellow

Other Tips:

• Curry Plant is a low-maintenance perennial in warmer zones.
• Prune after flowering to maintain a compact and attractive shape.
• Happily this plant is pest and disease resistant.
• The strong fragrance may not be for everyone.  If you do think it smells delicious, though, consider planting it near your deck or kitchen window.
• Excessive handling of leaves may irritate sensitive skin.
• Curry plant can be a good choice for gardeners looking for a low-maintenance and fragrant border shrub for a sunny location that drains well.

Dill 

(Anethum graveolens)

Dill

Dill is as of the most popular culinary herbs grown in backyard gardens. Its delicate blooms are very effective at attracting beneficial insects. The true value of the dill, though, is its fresh, lemon-citrus aroma and distinctive, subtly sour flavor. Dill leaves add a unique twist to fish, chicken, potato and egg dishes as well as dill pickles and dill vinegar.

Dill is mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus from Egypt and the Bible, giving it an enviable historical pedigree. Today, gardeners grow dill for its use in the kitchen and for the lovely, feathery foliage that makes it an attractive plant for an herb patch or patio display.

Because of it's popularity, there are lots of dill varieties to choose from. Some have been specifically cultivated for their strong flavor, while others for their small (pot friendly) size and still others for their bountiful seed production or large, yellow flowers. Choose an application, and there will be a dill cultivar to fit the bill.

Growing: 

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable flowering herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9, tolerating winters as cold as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil but is somewhat adaptable.

Sun: Likes full sun.

Water: Requires regular watering, especially during high summer.

Color: Yellow

Dill vinegar with a decorative dill flower.

Other Tips:

• Dill is an annual. That means it sprouts, set seed and dies in a single season. 
• It can be sown directly outdoors in early spring or started indoors a few weeks before the last frost in your area. 
• The leaves and seeds are the most commonly used parts of this flowering herb. Fresh leaves can be enjoyed throughout the growing season, while seeds are harvested in late summer when the flower heads dry and turn brown.
• Dill tends to "bolt", or intensify its flowering efforts early in summer at the cost of leaf production. As the leaves are usually the most valued part of the plant, some of the newer varieties are designed to delay bolting.
• Dill flowers make an attractive garnish.

Echinacea 

(Echinacea purpurea) 

Echinacea

So many herbs come to us from Europe or Asia that it's nice to report on an important North American native herb like echinacea. This beauty is a  perennial native to the eastern and central United States. Its daisy-like flowers bloom in midsummer and this show of bright color continues until the first frost. Unlike traditional daisies, its blossoms have an exaggerated, dome-shaped center circled by long, slanting petals in colors from purple to pink.  Echinacea is also known as purple coneflower. It's an easy care herb that's a nice addition to the garden.

This plant is well known for its history of medicinal use. Indigenous tribes used echinacea to treat respiratory problems, toothache, snake bit, to aid in wound healing and more. Modern gardeners grow echinacea for its lovely flowers, its value in attracting beneficial insects like bees and butterflies, and also for its potential medicinal benefits in helping to boost the immune system. It's leaves, roots and flowers are often consumed in the form of a relaxing tea. (Consult a healthcare professional before using Echinacea medicinally.)

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This resilient herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9, enduring winter temperatures as low as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil but is somewhat adaptable.

Sun: Needs full sun to thrive

Water: Requires regular watering, especially during the first year.

Color: Purple, pink

Other Tips:

• Deadheading encourages robust blooming.
• Echinacea readily self-sows. To control its spread, remove spent flowers before seeds develop.
• The above-ground parts of the plant are the most commonly used for medicinal purposes.
• Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to this herb. Consult with a healthcare professional before using it medicinally.

• Important Note: Echinacea should never be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women, or by individuals with autoimmune diseases.

Evening Primrose 

(Oenothera biennis)

"The evening primrose is a flower of the night, a shy and delicate creature that opens      its petals only under the cover of darkness." - Unknown

Evening Primrose

Evening primrose is a biennial. It is one of those interesting plants with a two year life cycle. It grows to maturity in the first year and then sets seed and dies in the second year. Its large, eye catching flowers open in the late afternoon or early evening with four delicate petals surrounding a central cluster of stamens.  You can see yellow evening primrose flowers above, but they are also available in pink and white.  While this flowering herb has no culinary value, Native Americans have used it for its medicinal value in wound healing and to treat skin irritation. Evening primrose oil is a popular ingredient used in the treatment of eczema and other skin conditions, although research into it's effectiveness is still ongoing.

Growing: 

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, enduring winter temperatures as low as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil.

Sun: Tolerates full sun to partial shade.

Water: Needs moderate watering. For the best results allow the soil to dry out somewhat between waterings.

Color: Yellow, pink, white

Other Tips:

• As with many herbs and other plants, deadheading encourages flowering.
• Use some caution as this plant self-sows aggressively.
• Medicinally, the oil extracted from the seeds of evening primrose are the most commonly used part of the plant. (Please consult your healthcare provider before attempting to use any herb for self treatment.)
• Evening primrose contains small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic in large quantities. 

Feverfew 

(Tanacetum parthenium)

"Feverfew, a plant whose fragrance evokes both the garden and the apothecary." - Unknown

Feverfew

Feverfew has clusters of small, daisy-like white petaled flowers with bright yellow centers that bloom throughout the summer. They look like chamomile blossoms but on a taller plant with feathery, almost fern-like leaves.  It was used historically to treat fever and headache (the name is a not so subtle clue), and at one it time was nicknamed "medieval aspirin". Today, some herbalists suggest that it may be effective as an extract, tea or in capsule form to treat ailments as diverse as migraine, toothache, colitis, arthritis, menstrual cramps and more.  

Those are high expectations for one unassuming herb. Be aware, though, that research into the beneficial properties of feverfew are ongoing. We realize it is currently experiencing a moment in the treatment of migraine, but always consult with a physician before changing your care routine.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 7, withstanding winters as cold as -40°F.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, sandy soil

Sun: Likes full sun to dappled light.

Water: Needs regular watering but can't stand boggy soil.

Color: White

Other Tips:

• The leaves are the most commonly used part of the plant for potential health benefits. 
• While safe for most people as a garden addition, some individuals with allergies to ragweed or daisies may experience allergic reactions to feverfew.
• Feverfew is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women.
• Consult with a healthcare professional before using feverfew medicinally as it can interact with prescription and over the counter medications.

Lavender 

(Lavandula angustifolia)

"There's a few things I've learned in life: always throw salt over your left shoulder, keep rosemary by your garden gate, plant lavender for good luck, and fall in love whenever you can."

                                                           - Alice Hoffman, Practical Magic (1995)

English Lavender

Lavender, is one of the most well known, used and respected flowering herbs available to the casual gardener. It is native to the regions bordering the Mediterranean and it is used in landscaping, in cooking and in crafts. It's fragrance is featured in thousands of products, and it is a staple in perfumery. 

There are a number of lavender varieties, four of which are often referred to as true lavenders. They are among  the basic varieties upon which hundreds of cultivars are based.  English lavender, Lavandula angustifolia, is the most widely cultivated and arguably the most popular of the four. It is also the one most often recommended for culinary use. 

English lavender produces clusters of fragrant flowers that bloom in mid to late summer. Although most varieties are available in colors from lavender to purple, pink, white and blue cultivars are also available. The narrow grey-green leaves of English lavender help disperse this plant's distinctive aroma. The leaves also have a subtle peppery flavor that makes them a valuable addition to the spice cabinet.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This resilient herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 5 to 9, tolerating winters as cold as -20°F.

Soil: Prefers very well-draining soil on the drier side. Sandy soil is a good choice. Don't underestimate that this plant's need for well draining soil. Wet feet will kill it faster than almost anything else.

Sun: Needs full sun.

Water: Water regularly and allow the soil to dry between watering sessions. Avoid overwatering.

Color:  Lavender, purple, blue, white

Other Tips:

• Lavender is a perennial herb that comes back year after year.
• Regular pruning encourages bushy growth and a more attractive shape.
• The flowers and leaves can be harvested throughout the blooming season.
• Lavender discourage mosquitoes, which makes it a good choice for decks and patios.
• While generally safe for most people, individuals with allergies to ragweed may have allergic reactions to lavender.
• Although English lavender does not like high  humidity, some of the newer cultivars are more tolerant of humid conditions.
• French, Spanish and Spike lavender varieties may also be appropriate for challenging applications.

Meadowsweet 

(Filipendula ulmaria)

"Meadowsweet, the flower that smells of summer and dreams." - Unknown

Meadowsweet

Meadowsweet blooms in mid to late summer when it produces many small white to blush pink blossoms in dense clusters that smell lightly of almonds. With tall stems and attractive, fern-like foliage, it is a good candidate to become a focal point in a dedicated herb patch or perennial bed. It's also a nice addition to a wildflower garden.

This plant has a rich history as a medicinal and mystical herb. Like white willow bark, it contains salicylic acid, a precursor to modern aspirin. It has been used in pain management to treat headache and arthritis. It is also an anti-inflammatory and natural diuretic. Some people use it as a sleep aid in a refreshing evening meadowsweet tea. 

In medieval Europe, this flowering herb was believed to have magical properties. Because of it's association with love and marriage (as an aid in finding love and promoting matrimonial bliss), meadowsweet was a common herb flower used in bridal bouquets. It was thought to attract the fairy folk. In fact, at one time it wasn't uncommon for people to leave offerings for the little folk under meadowsweet shrubs. 

Growing: 

Hardiness Zones: This resilient herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 8, tolerating winters as cold as -30°F.

Soil: Needs moist, well-drained soil.

Sun: Does best in full sun to partial shade.

Water: Needs regular watering. Be particularly diligent about watering during hot dry periods.

Color: White, beige

Other Tips:

• Meadowsweet can grow to 6 feet under favorable conditions.
• Deadheading  encourages flower production throughout the season.
• Meadowsweet spreads through underground rhizomes.  Divide plants every 3- to 5 years to avoid overcrowding.
• The flowers and leaves are the main parts used for medicinal purposes. 
• People with allergies to aspirin or other salicylates may experience allergic reactions to this herb. It also carries the same cautions as aspirin when dealing with children.
• Meadowsweet tea is generally considered safe, but may cause reactions in some,  including nausea and skin rashes.
• It may interact with prescription and over the counter medications.
• Meadowsweet attracts pollinators like butterflies and bees.

Passion Flower 

(Passiflora incarnata)

There has fallen a splendid tear

From the passion-flower at the gate.

She is coming, my dove, my dear;p

She is coming, my life, my fate.

                         --  Alfred Tennyson

Passion Flower

Passion flower is a climbing vine native to North America, Central America and South America. One of its most remarkable characteristics is its alluring flowers. These blooms feature a crown-like structure with five white to purplish petals and a banded central halo. The flowers produce oval fruits that add visual interest by ripening to yellow or purple.  Its flowers also attract lots of pollinators. While passion flower isn't a culinary herb, its remarkable flowers make it visually arresting in any garden.

Passion flower may have anti inflammatory and healing properties. It has been used as a sleep aid, to reduce stress, control pain, help reduce the symptoms of ADHD and more. Passion flower leaves can be made into a soothing tea.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable vine thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 11, tolerating winters as cold as 10°F, but may require winter protection in colder zones.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil.

Sun: Enjoys full sun to partial shade.

Water: Needs regular watering, especially during hot, dry periods. Avoid overwatering, but don't let the soil dry out completely.

Color: Purple, blue

Other Tips:

• Passion flower is a perennial vine that dies back in the fall and returns year after year.
• For the best results, provide a trellis or other support structure for this vine to climb.
• The above-ground parts of the plant are the most commonly used for medicinal purposes. Please consult a healthcare professional before using passion flower to treat any medical condition.

Passion flower on a trellis

• This plant may interact with prescription and over the counter medications. Consult with a healthcare professional before using it medicinally.

Pineapple Sage 

(Salvia elegans)

Pineapple Sage

Pineapple sage is a perennial native to Mexico and Guatemala. It is distinctive for its clusters of brilliant red, tubular flowers that grow in profusion from late summer through fall. If you're interested in attracting hummingbirds and butterflies to your garden, this herb is for you. As an added bonus, the bright green leaves of pineapple sage release a sweet pineapple fragrance when handled. It really does smell like pineapple.

The Aztecs were likely the first to cultivate this unique plant. It was later introduced to European gardens in the 1800s. Pineapple sage leaves are a nice addition to teas and salads, and it also makes a very nice garnish.

This one's hardy choice for beginning gardeners.  It isn't fussy and likes the heat.         

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This heat-loving herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 8 to 11. In colder climates, it can be grown as an annual.

Soil: Prefers well-drained soil but can adapt to various soil types.

Sun: For abundant blooms and a nice fragrance, provide full sun.

Water: Needs regular watering.

Color: Red

Other Tips:

• Pineapple sage is a perennial herb in warm climates, but it can't withstand the temperature drop in colder areas. Treat it as an annual if planting in zones colder than 8. You can also treat it as a commuter plant. Bring it indoors before the first frost, and put it  back outside in spring. 
• The leaves and flowers are the edible parts of the plant. Pineapple sage leaves can be used fresh or dried.
• This interesting plant readily self-sows. 
• Deadhead before seeds disperse unless you want plenty of starts to share with neighbors and friends.
• Some studies suggest pineapple sage may have potentials in reducing anxiety and lowering blood pressure. 
• Medicinal use of this herb is discouraged if you are pregnant or nursing. It may also interact with over the counter and prescription medications you may be taking.  Consult with a medical professional before using any herb to treat illness.
• In spring and fall, it's easy to propagate pineapple sage through stem cuttings.
• Although uncommon, handling pineapple sage leaves may cause skin irritation in some people.

Rose - Damask Rose 

(Rosa Damascena)

"If every tiny flower wanted to be a rose,

spring would lose its loveliness."

               – Therese of Lisieux

The rose is a flower of love. 

It is also a flower of war."

-Umberto Eco, The Name of the Rose

Damask Rose

Roses are the reigning queens of garden flowers. In this august company, no rose shines brighter than the Damask rose (Rosa x damascena). It's long history, wonderful scent and the high Vitamin C content of it's rose hips make it a standout. If you're looking for a flowering herb for your garden that's lovely, fragrant and has value as a vitamin supplement, you can't do better. 

Native to western Asia, this shrub rose produces clusters of large flowers that bloom in profusion from late spring or early summer, depending on your location.  Although pink is the most common shade, variations can range from blush to soft crimson. Horticultural sleuths have concluded that the genetic complexity of this rose is probably the result of numerous crosses among ancient wild rose species.

Historical use of the Damask rose traces back thousands of years. Beyond its value today as a beautiful garden herb plant, the damask rose is still used extensively in perfumery.  Because of it's complex rose scent, it is a common base ingredient in rose oil and rose water, both of which you can make at home.  If you dabbles in herbal preparations, this plant belongs in your collection.   

Rose hips harvested from this rose variety are high in vitamin C.  Its dried petals and buds are used to make a fragrant tea. Its petals can be used to create rose infused honey, and it's candied petals make striking edible decorations for baked goods. 

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable shrub thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 5 to 9, tolerating winters as cold as -20°F .

Soil: Prefers well-drained, rich soil with slightly acidic to neutral pH.

Sun: Requires full sun for at least 6 to 8 hours a day.

Water: Needs a  regular watering schedule. Be particularly careful during hot, dry periods. Do not let the soil dry out completely. (When watering, make sure the soil drains completely. This rose will not tolerate boggy conditions.)

Color: Pink

Other Tips:

• The Damask rose is a deciduous shrub. It loses its leaves in fall.
• The petals are the main part of the plant used for rose water and rose oil. Harvest the fully opened blossoms early in the morning.
• Prune after flowering. This encourages better air flow and a healthier plant.
• Damask roses are hearty and relatively disease-resistant but may be have problems with powdery mildew or black spot. Winter protection will be necessary in cold climates. Mulching and burlap wraps are two of many options for adding protection when over-wintering rose bushes.

Rosemary 

(Rosmarinus officinalis)

"Where rosemary flourishes, the woman rules"  - Medieval adage 

Rosemary

You probably already know rosemary has a resinous, piney aroma that can enhance the flavor of lamb and pork dishes. It makes a nice shrub, and can be trained into a hedge easily. This evergreen has needle like, deep green leave that make a nice contrast to other plants in the garden. There are prostrate rosemary varieties (sounds a bit Victorian doesn't it) that hug the ground, and some newer cultivars that are hardy to USDA Hardiness Zones 6 or possibly even 5 in sheltered areas.

Rosemary in bloom can really put on a show with a riot of small blue to lavender flowers. This can make an impressive display in a border or as a focal point.  If you're planning to make a decorative wreath to display your bounty of garden herbs, rosemary boughs make an attractive base, too.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: Thrives in USDA zones 7-10. Hardiness zone 10 tolerates temperatures as cold as 30 to 40°F.  In cold climates, grow it as an annual or commuter plant.
Soil: Prefers well-draining soil with a slightly alkaline to neutral pH (6.0-7.0). Sandy or loamy soil is ideal.
Sun: Requires at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day during spring and summer. This is essential for the continued health of the plant.
Water: Drought-tolerant once established. Water rosemary regularly during the first year after planting. During each session, water deeply and then allow the soil to dry out between treatments.

Color: Blue, purple

Other Tips:

• Light application of balanced fertilizer in spring can help rosemary get a jump start on the growing season.
• Regular trimming encourages bushy growth and a uniform shape. It also prevents the plant from becoming woody. Dry the trimmings for your spice cabinet!
• This plant is easily propagated from cuttings taken in spring or summer.
• Overwatering can easily cause root rot.Susceptible to spider mites, aphids, and fungal diseases.
• This versatile flowering herb is a culinary superstar. Try growing a rosemary shrub and using it's woody stems as shish kebab skewers. (Be sure to soak them thoroughly before adding them to the grill.)
• This plant has a history of use to improve memory and digestion.
• May deter pests like cabbage moths and mosquitoes.
• Rosemary is a recommended companion plant for beans, carrots and cabbage.

Scented Geraniums 

(Pelargonium spp.)

"The scent of geraniums, so familiar and comforting, reminded her of her grandmother's garden." - Unknown

Scented Geranium

Scented geraniums, also known as cranesbills or pelargoniums, are flowering herbs native to South Africa. If you think they smell like thek garden variety geraniums you'll find at your local big box garden outlet, think again.Unlike their showy relatives, those zonal geraniums loved for their for large blooms, scented geraniums are famous for their colorful small flowers and various, strong fragrances (from citronella, to peppermint to attar of roses and much more). The petite flower shapes vary as do the colors of different scented geranium varieties.  

If you like plants with cottage garden appeal in their bright green leaves, fairy flower blossoms and wonderful scents, a plot of scented geraniums will enhance the area around your garden gate, porch, patio or deck.  As an extra bonus, scented geraniums also thrive in garden pots.

Once sought after for their medicinal properties, they were later cultivated for for their many fragrances. Current medical research is ongoing with regard to the potential benefits of this group of plants, and the results are surprising. Consider these scented geraniums with purported medicinal benefits

Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens):

Lemon-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium crispum): 

Peppermint-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium tomentosum):

Citronella-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium citrosum):

Important Caution: Consult a healthcare professional before using scented geraniums for medicinal purposes. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid using scented geraniums medicinally. 

Citronella-Scented Geranium
 (Pelargonium citrosum)

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: These versatile plants thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 9 to 11. In colder climates, they can be grown as container plants and brought indoors for the winter.

Soil: Needs well-drained, sandy soil.

Sun: Likes full sun to dappled light.

Water: Requires moderate watering, but allow the soil to dry slightly between times. Avoid overwatering.

Color: Multiple depending on variety

Other Tips:

• Pinch back unsightly long stems to encourage bushier growth. 
• These highly flowering herb plants are generally pest and disease resistant.
• Scented geraniums are tender perennials in warmer climates and annuals in colder areas. You can overwinter them indoors as houseplants if you have a sunny spot for them. 
• You can also bring them inside before the first frost and place them in a dry, cool dark, location where the temperature does not drop below 48°F or so. Do not water them, and check them periodically for mold growth.  With any luck, they will go dormant. You can then put them back outdoors in spring where they will revive.

  

Chocolate Peppermint Geranium

• Ingestion of large quantities of leaves may cause stomach upset.
• The essential oils in the leaves can irritate sensitive skin. 
• The leaves of this herb can be used fresh or dried in potpourri, teas, or in the sugar bowl for a touch of luscious aroma. (Please refer to the cautions above.)

Statice 

(Limonium sinuatum)

"Statice, a flower that whispers of eternity." - Unknown

Flowering statice

Statice is known for keeping it's vibrant color and shape when dried. Like curry plant (Helichrysum Italicum), another "everlasting" flowering herb, statice is a Mediterranean native. Throughout the summer months and well into fall, it produces tight clusters of funnel-shaped flowers in shades from yellow to pink to lavender and deep purple.  The stiff bracts enclosing the small flowers of the statice plant retain their rich colors as they dry.  (The photo above shows the flowers and bracts.) Originally cultivated for its medicinal properties, today statice is a sought after ornamental plant that's easy to grow and does a good job of attracting beneficial insects like butterflies.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable flowering herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 10. In colder climates, it can be cultivated as an annual.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, sandy soil.

Sun: Likes full sun.

Water: Needs moderate watering.

Color:  Yellow, pink, lavender, purple

Dried statice

Other Tips:

• Deadhead spent blooms to encourage flower production.
• To harvest dried flowers, cut flowering stems when all (or most) of the blossoms have opened. Hang stems upside down in a cool, dark, well-ventilated spot like a basement until dry (about 10 days to 2 weeks).  Other drying methods may also be employed, like oven drying or using a dehydrator.
• Statice is typically pest and disease resistant.

Strawflower 

(Xerochrysum bracteatum)

"Strawflowers, a reminder that beauty can endure even in the harshest conditions." - Unknown

Strawflower

Strawflower, an Australian import, is another herb with everlasting flowers. The stiff, durable bracts surrounding the small strawflower blossoms look like narrow petals, and create the appearance of complete flowers in their own right. Once dried, these flowers are sturdy and can retain their vibrant color and attractive, round shape for years. Strawflower is a popular addition to dry flower arrangements, and adds interest to potpourri, herb wreaths, swags and more.

Aboriginal Australians used strawflowers in religious ceremonies and as a decorative element in their dwellings, clothing and other areas of personal expression.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: This adaptable flowering herb thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 8 to 11. 

Soil: Requires well-drained, sandy or loamy soil. Will not tolerate soggy conditions.

Sun: Needs  full sun.

Water: Water on a regular schedule, allowing the soil to dry between times. Avoid overwatering.

Color: Yellow, orange, russet, pink, lavender, white

Other Tips:

• This plant can be grown as an annual or short-lived perennial (2 to 3 year lifecycle) in warmer climates.
• Strawflower produces beautiful blossoms, but the plant as a whole can look a bit straggly. You might want to avoid placing it in a prominent location. It may also require support if situated in a windy spot.
• For harvesting flowers, cut stems when the flower bracts are fully open and the center is a tight, round disk. Hang stems upside down in a cool, dark location with good circulation until dry.
• Strawflower is pest and disease resistant.

Sunflower 

(Helianthus annuus)

Petite Sunflower

The Sunflower is an impressive giant with large yellow petals and a disk shaped center ripe with seeds. This American native plant is a true showstopper. Thanks to the many cultivars on the market, sunflowers come in a number of sizes with some reaching over 12 feet high. If you are patient enough, you can see them turning their heavy flowering heads in slow motion to follow the light as the sun transits the sky in a process called heliotropism. When you're feeling a bit fanciful after a day in the garden, this can make them seem almost sentient. 

These silent sentinels were originally cultivated by Native American tribes as a source of food. After their introduction to Europe, they quickly acquired to huge following -- and why not? They make an impressive statement in the garden.  Even though they need quite a bit of space, every gardener should grow a sunflower at least once. Actually, this annual plant is surprisingly easy to grow, produces abundant seed and attracts pollinators.  It also produces a great deal of pollen, which can be bad news if you have allergies.  Bees appreciate the bounty, though.

Growing:

Hardiness Zones: These adaptable plants thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 2 to 11.

Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil.

Sun: Enjoys full sun.

Water: Needs regular watering, especially during hot, dry periods.

Color: Yellow

Bees love sunflowers.

Other Tips:

• Sunflowers are annual plants that complete their life cycle in a single season.
• Sow seeds directly outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
• These plants are generally pest and disease resistant.
• Tall varieties will probably need staking once the heavy flower heads begin to develop.
• Sunflowers can grow large, so be sure to give them enough room. Space them at least 12 to 24 inches apart for the best results.
• Sunflower pollen may irritate sensitive skin.

Yarrow 

(Achillea millefolium)

O, weeping willow shed your sorrow

         on whispering breeze to soothe your grief

         within whose breath's a healing yarrow

         to whisk away tears upon your leaf. 

                        Susan Ashley, Venus Gifts a Yarrow's Kiss

Yarrow in bloom

Yarrow is often referred to as common yarrow or milfoil. It's a hardy perennial flowering herb with tiny, flat-topped flowers arranged in attractive clusters of white, yellow or pink. Yarrow attracts pollinators like butterflies to the garden its fern-lime fronds add texture to a perennial border. Some cultivars can reach 5 feet in height, providing shade to other, lower growing herbs.

This plant's historical roots can be traced to ancient Greece where it was used to treat wounds. 

Yarrow is valued for its culinary, medicinal, and crafting uses. Its leaves have a slightly bitter, pungent taste and can enhance the complexity and savor of salads, soups, and stews. It has been used to promote wound healing, and it may also be effective at boosting the immune system. It's surprising, but the effectiveness of yarrowbased mosquito repellents has been compared favorably to the popular repellent chemical compound DEET. Its flowers can be used dried in floral arrangements and in the creation of natural dyes. 

 

Growing:
Hardiness Zones: 3-9
Soil: Well-draining soil, tolerates poor soil
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Water: Drought tolerant once established, water occasionally during dry periods

Color: White, yellow, pink, peach, red

Other Tips:

• Yarrow can be propagated easily from seed, division, or cuttings
• Deadheading can encourage more and larger blooms
• Cold stratification will increase seed germination
• While yarrow is generally a safe flowering herb, it can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Consult a medical professional before using any herb for medicinal purposes.

Landscaping always looks more interesting and inviting when it includes flowering plants. Don't you think so, too? How much do you know about flowering herbs from personal experience? How many flowering herbs are on your short list for the garden this year? Herbs have a lot to offer. Give them a little real estate, and let them show you what they're capable of!

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*Some herb varieties have newer cultivars that do not flower. This is a workaround for herbs that tend to become bitter after flowering. Research your choices to avoid being disappointed.

**Cold stratification is a technique used to simulate winter for seeds that need a period of cold to help them germinate. This mimics what happens naturally when seeds are dispersed in autumn and sprout in spring. Here's how it works:

Seeds from some plants enter dormancy in winter and will not germinate without a period of cold temperatures. Gardeners can simulate winter by placing these seeds in a cool environment, like a refrigerator, for a period of time. Removal from the cold  breaks dormancy, and the seeds begin their vegetative stage. Cold stratification improves germination rates for these types of seeds, and a brief stint in the refrigerator is a great workaround. anise hyssop, arnica, coneflower and lavender.